INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
The computeris the most useful and versatile modern tool yet developed. It has changed the information needs of most people not only the people of advanced countries but even the people of third world countries, Computer has influenced the international trad, pattern of employment, industrial productivity, home life, entertainment, space exploration, health care, and education.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER
The Computer has evolved naturally through centuries from early countin devices like the abacus. But today, instead of manipulating beads on a wire, we rely on electronic impulses to accomplish the same goals. As a result of technological innovations during the last fifty years computer has emerged as a most fast and powerful tool for scientists, engineers, doctors, architects, accountants, teacher, students to enhance their creativity and productivity in daily work. Rapid developments in electronic technology as made it feasible to
use computers for applications that would have been uneconomical only a few years ago.
Computers are capable of performing all kinds of tasks that sometimes seem magical in nature. In order to perform the simples job, computers need instructions from the users. Programming in the process of giving instructions to the computers so that the machine well execute the desired tasks. Programming is a way communicate with computers. A computer is an electronic computational device that has its own internal memory. It trads data when instructed, processes it and produces results accurately at a very high speed. A
computer along with a number of periperal units is collectively known as computer system. The work carried out by a computer system is often known as Electronic Data Processing (EDP) which means the use of electronic machine to drive result by means of arithmetic and logic operations from the data entered it. A computer system has two major divisions known as computer hardware and software.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
The hardware part of a computer system consist of physical components installed in a main computer box and all associated equipments interconnected in an organized way. Main unit which consist of a processing and control console in addition to disk drives is called the system unit. The devices such as keyboard, mouse, optical character Readr, MICR monitor, printer, etc. are linked with the system unit. These devices
send and retrieve information from the system unit. A computer system in general consists of three major units: (1)System unit (2) Input units and (3) Output units.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
The techniques or methods which consist of the computer programs procedures and the paper work necessary to get the hardware to work is known as computer software. Computer software is the know how techniques in the form of a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. It includes an operating system, which develops a link between the user and the computer system. It helps the user to communicate with the computer. Computer Software can further be divided into system software and application software predesigned programs are now available not only in printed form but also recorded on vaious types of magnetic surfaces or even on plug in modules or chips. These are called as firmware.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
A set of programme required to implement certain functions in the computin system designed to control the operation of a computer system defines the system software. These programms are essential for a computer to function. Without these programms no interation is possible with computers. The system software is a general programme that helps the user in writing his/her application programme and makes the operation of the computer more effective and efficient. Usually this software is provided by the manufacturer.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software is the procedure written by the user to solve particular or to achieve specific results. Ready packages containing application software are also available easily for various purposes. These have specific applications for the users who are not familiar with any programming language or do not have the time to writen their own programme. These ready programms could be used to achieve specified objective more easily and quickly. Some of the application software categories are Word Processes, Spread Sheets, Database Management System, Drafting packages, and communication packages etc.
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